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Textual Analysis on Happy Days and Desperate Housewives Happy Days and Desperate Housewives are two comedy dramas that take place in different times. Happy Days takes place in the 1950s, where Desperate Housewives takes place in the noughts. The two shows are representations of life in Small Town America. Happy Days stereotypes the way life was in the 1950s. The men work, the women do housework, the boys play sports, the girls are airheads and the bad guy is seen as a bad influence. The opening is the cast spinning on a disc. You see the boy climb through someone else’s car, showing not much crime. The family have dinner together. The sister makes fun of the boys in a mischievous way. The oldest son has to repeat a year, and the father makes a joke about it. The oldest son is seen as a jock, a sporty guy. The mother is all worried, she is prenatal. Desperate housewives starts with an establisher shot of a street with a school bus, a mother pushing a stroller, a house with a white picket fence and other houses that are colourful old Victorian style. The voice over is a women’s voice who sounds kind and gentle. She tells us about the misc-en-scene. We then meet the woman who is talking to us. She tells us about her day and what she does. The new equilibrium starts when she goes to her closet and kills her self. You meet the noisy neighbour who goes to return the blender she has borrowed for 6 months and finds the woman dead on the floor. She runs back to house, feels miserable and then takes the blender, rips the name off and places it back in her pantry. The voice over comes back and she introduces us to the main characters and their lives. As you listen you can see that there are a lot of problems going on like divorces, marriage arguments and disobedient children. Life is not as perfect as it in Happy Days. The comparison of these two pieces is that they are about the people who live in the suburbs. The difference. Their life between both programmes; in one you have a perfect family with their children having academic issues or girl issues. In the other you have divorce, suicide, badly behaved husbands and children. Though Desperate Housewives is seen through the eyes of a dead housewife who was unhappy, she watches the way her friends live. In Happy Days, you don’t have anyone narrating and the characters all seem ideal.
-Charlotte Doughty-

Good notes, Charlotte. To turn it into an actual textual criticism, you would now need to raise it from a descriptive level (just telling us what happens) to an analytical level (telling us the significance of what happens). There also needs to be a lot more media terminology.

And mostly - the fact that you are the only student to manage to post on here (so far, anyway) suggests that you are 900% more technologically capable than everyone else in the class.
Happy days and Desperate housewives are two different types of comedy. They both take part in different time zones. One being in the 2000s and the other in the 1970's. They both represent small towns in America and they use stereotypes as examples. The men work and play sports while the female characters do more of the housework. The beginning of Happy days shows the boy climbing through a car and talking to his friend. The car doors are not locked. This is a stereotype of a small town because it represents that the town is a safe place. The family also have dinner together this shows that the small towns in America are very family oriented. This also reflects the small towns in America. Also the oldest son has to do t a year again as he is more sport orientated than academically orientated due to the stereotypes of male and female culture. (ALL VERY TRUE BUT COULD YOU EXPRESS THESE IDEAS USING MEDIA TERMINOLOGY?)The mother is reflected as a stereotypical mum as she does the cooking and the house hold chores. Also the mum is worried while the dad isn’t which reflects that she is more domestic than the father. Desperate Housewives starts with a long shot of the town. (Any other technical points to make about the opening shot?) It shows typical Victorian housing which is associated with suburbs and small town America. It also shows the stereotypical yellow school bus which reflects urban society. At the bottom corner of the screen it shows the white fence which is associated with every urban society. In desperate housewives the characters are yet again based on stereotypes. There is the nosey neighbour who finds out one lady has killed herself. There is the divorced mum. There is also the very happy and perfect person who kills herself at the beginning of the episode. There is the perfect mother and wife who does everything herself. Desperate housewives also uses Todorov’s theory. The equilibrium being the starting point. The disequilibrium being when the neighbour finds out that she has killed herself and the new equilibrium being when the funeral starts. As Desperate Housewives is based many years in front of happy days it is different as stereotypes have changed and audiences appeal to different things.
Overall they are both the same type of genre but Desperate Housewives appealing more to present day audience as it has new stereotypes and more stories linking up to make one.
Ishaan Sharma. Well done - lots of relevant points! Same comments as for Charlotte, though - you don't actually show the media skills we expect at GCSE!
Textual Analysis between Desperate Housewives and Happy Days Desperate Housewives is being represented as a realistic portrait of modern women. Happy Days follows the same pattern but relates back to the 1950’s. In both video clips, women are seen as the ones who do the household chores and on the other hand, the husband works for money to support the family the father cares about the child’s welfare and comments on his studies. Boys are represented as less academic because they are stereotypically represented in that way and have the desire for women while girls try to look their best. Families are conventionally represented showing everyone sitting together and recounting their day. In Desperate Housewives, they are seen as families torn apart from divorces or under stress by handling three young children at once. In reference to Small-Town America, both extracts begin to give a stereotypical view of having a close society where everyone knows each other an example of this is when he asks where she is babysitting and she said that they should meet at the Kelly’s at 8:30. (Good specific reference to text)Small town America is also represented as a safe place in Happy Days where car doors can be left unlocked. In the beginning of Desperate Housewives, the establisher shot shows how the neighborhood is like with the old style white fences and the yellow school bus to give a sense of how typical it is. When living in such a small society, many secrets such as committing suicide and getting divorced are expressed to pose as the disequilibrium (good attempt to employ media theory... but what is the actual disequilibrium in THIS episode?)to engage the watchers. Nosey neighbors are shown to steal things and look on the brighter side of life in Desperate Housewives. For example, when the neighbor gave an excuse to come over to her house and finding her friend dead, she ran back home, called the police and ripped the label off the blender with her name on it and kept it. The narration was there as a way of helping to introduce characters and to fill in the details of the story by introducing scenes and revealing points of the story that cannot be made clear in other ways.

Patrick Samtani 11N1

Textual Analysis of Happy days and Desperate Housewives
Happy days is a television series in the early 1970’s, whilst desperate housewives is a more modern series made in the year 2000. I will analyze both TV series and compare them together on the representation of gender and American small towns. In Desperate housewives, the housewives are very open about the subject sex, whilst in happy days; the teenage girls are very unaware of the topic. In Happy days, the teenage girls are represented as dumb and self obsessed, (how is this representation actually constructed?) whereas compared to desperate housewives, who are smart as they understand the logic behind there husbands secrets. (Why would representations have changed so much?) Both of these are representations of the female audience, for happy days it may have seemed that females where dumb (avoid slang in formal writing) , whilst the more modern shows, females are much smarter. This targets the female gendered audience because it makes the audience feel as though they are reading their lives (could we use uses and gratifications here?). Happy days aim for an entertainment audience whilst desperate housewives aim for Personal identity and social interaction type of audience (Yay! But could we use it BETTER?). Happy days does this by making the females look more unintelligent and innocent, while in desperate housewives, it reflects with the audience and the audience can socialize with other people who watch it. Everyone in both Happy Days and Desperate Housewives seem to know each other, whether the character enters the story or not. There is also a large contrast between them. In happy days, the main character is able to open a car door and leave the other side meaning there is very little or no crime. Whilst in Desperate housewives, you get the narrator that suicide and many family conflicts taking place. In desperate housewives, the narrator’s neighbor is also very stereotypical. She acts as a nosy old woman that makes excuses to find out what’s happening. As she heard a loud noise at the narrator’s house, she takes out the narrator’s blender that the neighbor has been borrowing for 6 months and uses it as an excuse to find out what happened. After finding out that the narrator killed herself, she ripped the name tag of the blender and placed it in her self. This selfish act is a stereotypical act that we all think neighbors would do. It is shows like these that it makes us, the audience, think and make judgments of other people before knowing them. Yet, in Happy Days, the family is clichéd, it has an unintelligent older brother, the main character is smart and the younger sister is cheeky and smart, whilst the mother works in the house and the father works for the family. The equilibrium starts at the beginning of the show, as there is no dis-equilibrium mentioned yet. The disequilibrium is when the narrator draws a gun out of her closet. A new equilibrium is formed after the narrator kills herself, as the story continues on about her friends. (You need to look at some of the other ways to explore narrative; some of the other theories)
Robert Kuo

Happy days often represents females in relation to sexual feelings and behaviour. This supports Laura Mulvey's theory of male gaze (Good!). This aesthetic representation is shown very subtly. Females are not scene (spelling!)without the presense of a male nearby and are shown as being unintelligent and oblivious to the patriotic society.

Smalltown life is shown postively through character representations and the absence of major disequilibrium (Todorov's theory). Equilibrium is shown throughout the sequence and any hints on disequilibrium show only trivial matters. Binary opposition is not shown (Levi-Strauss), neither is enigma used (Barthes) (are you sure about this? It would be highly unusual to have NO conflict and NO enigma!). The absence of narrative techniques create a stress-free atmosphere to represent the lifestyle to be warm and carefree.

In Desperite Housewives, the aesthetic representation of females are much the same as the respresentation of them in Happy Days. However, in this more modern sequence, this display of Laura Mulvey's theory is juxtaposed with a voiceover delivering the contrary to the equilibrium being shown. The female voice of a dead female connotes power over males and a supernaturality which relates to horror iconography (Buscombe). This relation contradicts the naive representations of females in Happy Days.

Smalltown life is represented in more depth than in Happy Days. Although visually, icons generally connote equilibrium, disequilibrium is sent across using the voiceover. The society is very much female dominated (in contrary to Happy Days' patriarch) where the females are shown in control over the men through the reference to them through female characters: "her husband", "her men".

Representations of both females and smalltown life is communicated very directly in Happy Days where the audience theory of the Hypodermic Needle Model is used in the sense that viewers may believe that their lives may be perfected by reenacting the scenes in the sequence. Desperate Housewives contradicts this representation by using juxtaposition to show disequilibrium more seriously. Overall, smalltown lifestyle is represented in a darker way compared to the lighter atmosphere shown in older tv series.

Females are shown taking control in Desperate Housewives, while men take that position in Happy Days. The narrative in Happy Days is more flexible, while the one in Desperate Housewives is controlled using the voiceover. This once again relects the amount of control women have in this series and this can go towards attracting feminist audiences as a source of diversion and for forming personal relationships and identity.

--Victoria

This one is approaching or at an 'A grade, Victoria - plenty of specific detail, refers to the actual text, quite a lot of media terminology, looks at the audience, narrative AND analyses the technical stuff in a reasonable amount of detail. Well done, to put it another way!
Both Happy Days and Desperate Housewives are based on Small Town America however each are set in two different times. Happy Days was set in the 1950s whereas Desperate Housewives is set in the present era. Happy Days show the typical American family because it uses dominant representation. A teenage group of guys are represented; in this particular episode the disequilibrium (good!) is when the boy attempts to pursue the girl. The girls are represented as being studious (Is this a stereotype? A dominant representation?)as they are seen carrying books however she is shown spending her time facing the mirror on make up and is interested in “seniors”. She is being portrayed as clueless because she does not notice that he’s reading the publication and not the passage. The wife is shown to be protective towards her children and is the stereotypical housewife (As with any representation, you need to say how it is constructed.) . The younger sister is cheeky and challenges the conventions. With the boys, all they seem to care about is getting a girl and receiving a “hickey” is shown as a trophy. The son during dinner is presented as being dumb (No slang in formal writing, please!) because he is repeating a grade and is interested in sports. The father is more sarcastic then caring because when his wife discusses with him her concerns he does not take it seriously. A tough character is presented in the beginning of the story, a motorcycle is shown to represent the rebel (so the motorcycle is an ICON?) and as the bad guy. He does not speak and is surrounded by girls and wears a leather jacket and the other guys wear a college jacket. They are a close community because the main character asks for advice from his friend who has dated the same girl and everyone is social together because they all go to the same location. When the girl asks the main character to meet her at the house she’s babysitting he knows where to go already. There is no crime rate because the cars are not locked as it is easy for one boy to go to through from one car to the other. Desperate Housewives begins with the mise en scene, a school bus is shown passing through the town informing the audience that it’s a family neibourhood. The stereotypical white fences present traditional America. The voiceover is of a female is setting the scene and explaining the role of the characters. Two of the housewives are shown having a successful career before getting married and becoming a housewife which portrays women in a modern way. With Desperate Housewives they are challenging the conventions because the housewives have a voice and discussing about men and sex. The suicide of the housewife (disequilibrium) is sudden because in the beginning of the story she is shown as living the stereotypical housewife life. You would never imagine a female in so much desperation because firstly, their problems and voices are never heard. Desperate Housewives reveals the true realities of their lives which everyone can relate to. The town is portrayed to being a close tight community because when the death of the narrator the whole neighbourhood shows up to the house bringing food. The neighbour is able to borrow the blender for 6 months and plays the typical nosy neighbour who discovers the body. Civen Ho Good first attempt, Civen - you still need to incorporate the appropriate terminology, though.)
Happy Days and Desperate Housewives are two different comedy series which were broadcasted in America during different time periods. Happy Days was produced in the 1970s and is set around the 1950s. Desperate Housewives was produced in the year 2000 and is set in the recent days. Although these series were set in very different times, there are some connections in representation of gender and American small-town life. In Happy Days, the females stereotypically are represented as to do the house chores; responsible. The mother is the one who cooks and sets up the dinner table, she is also the sensible one who seems to care a lot about the kids. The youngest daughter is the know-it-all. She tries to sound smart, like a lot of the other young girls (could you give a specific example?)represented on media. The father in comparison is the ‘leader’ of the house. He doesn’t do or talk much, but has the authority anyway. The teenaged guys are all interested in the teenaged girls, just like in any stereotypical situation. The girls on the other hand, are represented as ‘sexual’, and those who care a lot about their looks; the make up, hair etc. This follows the male gaze theory (you need to actually explain the theory rather than just mentioning it!). In Desperate Housewives, the men are hardly shown in the first 10 minutes; probably because the main focus is on the housewives. The neighbor is represented as the sneaky nosy type of person, while some of the housewives are represented as typical busy mothers; they differentiate a lot depending on the type of the housewife. Some cook, just the way mothers are stereotypically represented, and a lot of them take care of their children; stereotypically. As for the setting on American small-town life, in both Happy Days and Desperate Housewives, the small town is represented as a very close community; everybody knows everybody and everybody knew what was going on. One example of this from Happy Days is when the girl tells the guy to meet at this one certain person’s place and he instantly knows; it’s a small community.
Moeka Komachi Some good points here - well done. Remember the OTHER stuff you need to talk about - narrative, audience and do on.
Good start charlotte , but here is how i will analyse the text.
Textual Analysis on Happy Days and Desperate HousewivesHappy Days and Desperate Housewives are two comedy dramas genres, set in different eras representing American small town life. Happy Days takes place in the 1950s, where Desperate Housewives takes place in the present era. American small town life is represented differently by these two shows as they are based on two distinct eras with different morals and living conditions. Happy Days stereotypes the way life was in the 1950s. The dominant representation portrayed by the text shows men as the providers, the women as the servers as they do housework, the boys sporty and less intelligent , girls are ignorant, naive and clueless .The establisher shot uses iconography as the icons visible reveals the time era. You see the boy climb through someone else’s car, showing a close ,safe community. The family have dinner together, revealing the traditional family values. The oldest son has to repeat a year showing his disinterest in academics,enhancing the stereotypical representation. He is represented as a sporty guy. The mother worrying shows her maternal instincts.The humorous genre that represents family life and American small town life appeals to a wide range audience. The target audience is the common American, although connotations in the text shows that it mainly appeals to a teenage audience. Desperate housewives starts with an establisher shot of a street with a school bus, a mother pushing a stroller, a house with a white picket fence and other houses that are colorful old Victorian style (What is the point of telling us these things? Unless you analyse them, you're just showing us that you can see!).A high camera angle is used, this portrays the narrator with a downwards point of view, this foreshadows her death as she views the events from above (Better! What other function do high-angle shots serve?).The bright palette and common conventional icons found in the establisher shot creates a contrast to the story.The voice over is a women’s voice who sounds kind and gentle. She tells us about the misc-en-scene. We then meet the woman who is talking to us. She tells us about her day and what she does. The dis- equilibrium starts when she goes to her closet and commits suicide. You meet the noisy neighbor who goes to return the blender she has borrowed for 6 months and finds the woman dead on the floor ,this shows like Happy days a close community. She runs back to house, feels miserable and then takes the blender, rips the name off and places it back in her pantry (it's not usually a good idea to engage in this sort of frame-by-frame analysis).,this is an action out of the character's sphere of action .This portrays the show as different and shows its unique selling point. The voice over introduces the audience to the main characters and their lives. Problems like divorces, marriage arguments and disobedient children are revealed. Life is not as perfect as it in Happy Days (Binary Opposition?). The comparison of these two pieces shows that they are similar as they both represents the stereotype of suburban life. The difference is that in one you have a perfect family with their children having academic issues or girl issues. In the other you have divorce, suicide, badly behaved husbands and children.This shows that the audience of Desperate Housewives is realistic , educated and informed.The narrative is more challenging with hidden connotations and irony. Though Desperate Housewives is seen through the eyes of a dead housewife who was unhappy, she watches the way her friends live. In Happy Days, you don’t have anyone narrating and the characters all seem ideal. The uses and gratifications used in Happy Days is diversion as its purpose is to entertain , whereas the purpose of Desperate Housewives is to learn something as well as to entertain,thus surveillance is used.Gineke Helberg
Not bad, Gineke! Same as everyone else - lots of scope for more media terminology and theory. Everything you say here is accurate, though.When comparing the two comedy series ‘Happy Days’ and ‘Desperate “Housewives’, they are two comedy series. They were both broadcasted in very different times. A happy days was produced in the 1970s but set in the 1950s whilst Desperate Housewives was produced in 2000 and still exists. Also, the representations of genders and the typical American small town life is shown and represented in the same way. In Desperate Housewives, the females are represented stereotypically and they are doing housework, chores and are shown setting up the breakfast table for the rest of the family. In Happy days, this is also shown in a very similar way. In Happy Days, the mother of the family seems to be getting the dinner on the table for the rest of the table, worries about how the children are doing, whilst the father seems to be relaxing at home. (Good specific example) Girls are also stereotypically represented because the youngest child of the family is a girl who tries to be the one who is meant to be smarter than the two older sons of the family. The eldest son is represented as if he is more interested in sports rather than his education. He leaves the dinner table telling the rest of the family that he has to go play basketball. She is represented just like how all the younger girls are represented. With the teenage life, guys are represented to be the people who look for sex. They are the ones who try to gain attention and look to find a partner. In Happy Days, he tries to attract the attention of the girl but she just seems to be interested in her looks and is busy with her make up and her hair. The American Small town life is represented as a very close society. When the girl asks the guy to help her baby sit in Happy Days, she doesn’t even tell him the address. All she said was whose house she was going to be at. That was enough for him to know where to be. This shows that they all know each other as one society or one town. In Desperate Housewives, the neighborhood is also represented as a very close and typical American small town life. They seem to know each other as a community and when one person killed herself, they all went to the funeral. Both comedy series follow similar representations of the comic genre.

Sang Ho Hwang
Textual Analysis- Focusing on representation of (a) gender and (b) American small-town life, compare these two texts, Happy Days and Desperate Housewives
Happy Days and Desperate Housewives are both set in small-town America but at different times. Happy Days was set in the 1950’s and it presented idealized American life, Desperate Housewives however is set in present day and shows a more sinister view of life.
Happy Days shows a close-knit community where everyone has family dinners and knows their neighbors personally. Desperate Housewives is similar to this as the establishing shot shows a row of beautiful houses with citizens jogging on the sidewalk and kids coming home in an all american yellow school bus. However the plastic veneer of the Wisteria Lane livelihood was only a cover for the alarming story line, containing suicide and murder, underneath. This is further emphasized by the peaceful music in the beginning which contrasts with the sudden gun shot when the narrator commits suicide (could you use Todorov to explain this better?). The cast in Wisteria Lane is very versatile, it shows a trophy wife, a housewife, a divorcee and the “perfect mother” and this shows that an imperfect life is lead by virtually any kind of person in America.
The gender representations in Happy Days are like general stereotypes where the boys are interested in sex and meant to be intellectually challenged. This is shown when Richie Cunnigham starts reading the index page of a book aloud and doesn't even notice. The boys are also shown as sporty as they all wear their high school football jackets. The girls on the other hand are shown to be smarter but are known to have a bad reputation. They are shown to be more interested in their looks and romance which makes them naive. The mothers however are in charge of the domestic chores which indicates that it is a patriarchy.In Desperate Housewives, the women again are in charge of performing the house chores. All the mothers have children which indicates that the community is very family-oriented. However there are some exceptions in the community, one of the housewives married rich just so she wouldn't have to do the housework and rear children. She is more superficial than the rest and could be the “trophy wife” as she is only interested in jewelry and cars from her husband. The women could be described as “Step-ford Wives” as from the outside, their lives seem perfect, and only when one digs deeper can the flaws be seen.
Both Happy Days and Desperate Housewives have a huge mainstream audience. Happy Days was popular in the late 70’s when it was released and Desperate Housewives is watched religiously every week by many viewers. The main reason that these shows are so popular is because of the famous names that appear in the credits. Teri Hatcher and Eva Longoria star in Desperate Housewives and Henry Winkler (Fonzie) starred in Happy Days.
Desperate Housewives is aimed at an older audience so it is shown every week after 9 p.m. which is after most children’ bedtimes. This is called watershed.Both Desperate Housewives and Happy Days is watched for diversion, entertainment. However both could also be watched to form personal relationships with peers because then they and their friends would have something in common. Also, Happy Days is also watched for a type of surveillance as it portrays typical lifestyles in the 1950’s in America, before the Vietnam War which made everyone more cynical.
-Smriti Bindra-

Both Happy Days and Desperate Housewives focus on "Small Town America", however they both take place in different eras.
In Happy Days, women are represented to be responsible in a stereotypical way: the mother does the house chores, the teenaged girl does the baby sitting. As for the men, a patriarch leads in their families, indicating a dominant representation. Females are also associated with sexual manners as accordingly to Laura Mulvey's maze gaze theory (good!); yet they are unaware of it.
In comparison, the women in "Desperate Housewives" are still shown as desirable objects, yet are aware of their sexual beings. In contrast to "Happy Days", the men slightly lead some sort of patriarch (as the husbands are also shown to provide for their family), however, women are manipulative - they are aware of how to take control their power in connotation to their roles. Generally, women are much more dominant in their society compared whereas in "Happy Days", men are more superior.
Small town American life is shown to be very optimistic in "Happy Days". It is represented conventionally as a friendly, peaceful neighborhood with only a minor disequalibrium (Todorov's Theory). However in "Desperate Housewives", it takes onto a much more realistic approach. In the beginning, an establishing shot is used showing icons of a conventional American suburb (yellow bus, classy houses, white fence, trees, etc) in contrast to leading into a disequalibrium.
Both series can lead a hypodermic needle model for certain audiences. (Good! Mention the audience!)Desperate Housewives goes against certain conventions in contrast to Happy Days, whereas life is not as perfect as it seems. The disequalibrium also uptakes an interesting narrative structure, as it helps encourage other theories such as Barthe's enigma code and binary opposition. The representation in both series may lead to personal relationships or identity, however we must consider the reception theory as well.
- Iza Tang


-Ryan Cheng-
The two comedies, desperate housewives and happy days focus on small town america. One of them happy days is set in 1950s while the other comedy Desperate Housewives is set in present times. The time difference between these two comeides are big, they hold certain ideas and similar stereo stypical views of gender, race and small town american life. Although the key topic is similar these two comedies hold certain differences as well as similarities.
In the begining of Happy Days you see a group of people at a diner. These people seem to know each other very well and in there community there are no strangers. There community is also free of crime and thats why people there don't need to lock their car doors. This tells us that their community is peaceful and friendly.
This is similar to Desperate Housewives. In Desperate Housewives people seem to know each other and everyone is friends with one another. They also seem to have a crime free community.
However Desperate Housewives is only trying to create the image of a peaceful crime free community. This is shown when one of the character shoots her self, if there community is crime free there would be no need for guns or fire arms. This adds enigma to the story, and follows Barthe's enigma code because no one knows why the narrator shot her self.
These two comedies also have certain similarites interms of gender stereotypes. For example it is the women that stay home, do chores, gossip etc. Women are also represented as pretty and superior interms of knowledge and intellect. The men in Happy Days are seen as sporty, this is shown by all the guys wearing football jackets.The men are the ones that work and earn money, they are the leaders of the household. In happy days it is the men who are intrigued with sex. This follows Laura Mulvey's Male gaze theory. Unlike Happy Days, in desperate housewives it is the women who talk about sex more then the men.
Lastly these two shows have the same views interms of racial differences because in both comedies there are no african americans. Since african americas have been portrayed as dangerous through the media inorder to portray a peaceful image these two shows chose not to include any african americans.


--
Happy Days and Desperate Housewives are both American small-town sitcoms. Although Happy Days was released in the ‘70s and was set in the ‘50s and although that is only a good 30 years off the more recent Desperate Housewives (2000’s), you can see the vast differences as well as how they are similar. Happy Days tends not to show the darker sides of American life, as shown plainly by the scene in which a main character opens a car and goes through it and the general happy tone to the show. The mise en scene as well as the main establishing shot in the beginning of Desperate Housewives contains an American yellow school bus driving along the road, with a mother with her baby in a stroller, and the classic white picket fence running down the road. All clear icons of a ‘peaceful American suburb’. All of these icons start to add up to the equilibrium of a perfect neighborhood. The Narrator is then brought into the scene with a swooping/panning/tracking/zooming shot, where there are no cuts. The Narrator is shown as gleaming with perfection, with a white apron over white clothing, and a bright sunny palette. She is also carrying a basket, showing how domestic her role is as a ‘housewife’. This whole equilibrium is broken and goes into the disequilibrium when the narrator commits suicide. This brings back the whole reality idea. This is where we are brought into Levi-Strauss’ binary opposites theory, where the idea of the perfect life and family and reality clash.
The dominant idea of stereotypes in both TV shows is the idea of patriarchy. That the man goes to work makes the money, and the mother provides domestic chores etc. In Happy Days as well as Desperate Housewives men are represented as more sex driven and less intellectually inclined. This is shown by how the guys are put in awe by the act of “necking”, and when the boy starts to read an ‘excerpt’ from a book but starts to read the publisher name/date etc. Girls are shown as vain and self absorbed, and as shown by the sister more intelligent.
This is perhaps displayed in a more ‘happy’ way in Happy Days as it has all that minus suicide and scandals etc as Desperate Housewives has, mainly because of the time period it was made.
In the TV shows, the importance and happiness of Family Life. In Happy Days by having the family gathered around for family dinner, as well as in Desperate Housewives when they are around the table for breakfast.
---
W. Hardy Pace


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