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Animation History
Timeline 18,000BC  Cave paintings drawn on walls. Historians believe that these images were made to look like they were moving by the flickering shadows cast on them from the fires.7,000BC In China, shadows of puppets are projected onto parchment paper. This is developed into an art form in eastern countries, particularly India. 2,000BC  Greeks drew figures on vases in various stages of movementAD 1660's Magic lanterns were introduced. 1830's  The phenakistiscope (spinning wheel with slots in) and the Zoetrope were developed. Many variations on these and other optical toys developed in this period. 1860's Development of the flip book which led to a coin machine 'viewer' based on a series of photographs being flipped by turning a handle. 1880's Emile Raynaud developed the praxinoscope. This was a spinning drum, rather like a zoetrope, but one in which viewers saw moving images in a series of mirrors rather than through slots. 1895  William Harbutt invented plasticine. This is used for model animation - now made famous by Wallace and Gromit and Chicken Run. 1897 Arthur Melbourne-Cooper produced an animated commercial for Bird's Custard powder. It is one of the first recorded uses of animation in adverstising. 1914 Windsor McCay, a pioneer animator produced the first proper animated film for cinema entertainment called Gertie the Dinosaur. This was a silent film in black and white. 1915 'Cel' or cellulose acetate was developed. This is a clear plastic that enables drawings to be made in layers. This cuts down the amount of drawings needed as drawings can be overlaid. 1920s The means for adding sound to film was invented. 1928 Walt Disney's Mickey Mouse made his first appearance as a character called 'Steamboat Willie'. This was the first successful animated film by the Disney Film Company. 1930's Colour was added to film. 'Snow White' (1937) became the first full-length animated feature film in colour. 1980's 'Tron' was the first animated feature film made by a computer. 1990's  Computers are commonly used in all levels of film making. The film 'Toy Story' was the first full-length all-computer-generated animated film.2000  Fantasia 2000 becomes the first full-length animated film to be shown exclusively on the huge IMAX cinema screens.2002  CGI is mixed with traditional hand-drawn animation to combine the art with the technology in films like Spirit: Stallion of the Cimarron 2003  Rugrats Go Wild is launched with smello-vision in the USA. For the first time, we see two TV cartoon favourites, the Rugrats and the Wild Thornberrys on screen together.2004  Shrek 2 used the first technical software to make light naturally bounce from one surface to another to create more natural and life-like surroundings. |
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